Armopoyas walls according to all the rules

Bearing wall

The bearing wall of the building carries the greatest load. Therefore, it is mainly reinforced. An exception is made only for small rooms that do not have a lot of weight.

Today we will tell you how to reinforce buildings with load-bearing walls with different materials. In the video in this article and photo, you can see the most critical areas of this work.

The content of the article

Wall reinforcement
Self-reinforcing masonry

Wall reinforcement

Reinforcing the walls of the foundation is one of the most crucial moments of construction. If you have special knowledge and skill, you can independently and without the help of specialists reinforce the walls of a small basement. Reinforcing the slab will increase the reliability and stability of the basement walls.

Reinforcement

Attention: If a larger number of walls are load-bearing, then a whole strapping around the entire perimeter is made from the reinforcement and thus the load-bearing wall will be minimized.

Reinforcement mesh will allow the basement walls to acquire the necessary elasticity. An advantage of a knitted reinforcing network over a welded one is its ability to maintain the integrity of the building foundation during periods of excess rainfall or ground movement. If at such moments the welded structure can collapse, then the reinforced structure, thanks to its flexibility, will not lose its strength.

To tie the walls with reinforcement you will need:

Actually fittings;
A wire with a circumference of several millimeters for strapping steel rods at the joints and intersections;
Nippers for cutting reinforcement and a hook or gun for tying reinforcing elements, which can be purchased in professional stores or rented in specialized organizations.

Reinforcement performance

It is always necessary to make a reinforced belt on load-bearing walls of gas silicate or brick. This will significantly strengthen the design.

The calculation of the metal bridge for load-bearing walls is done depending on the weight of the structure:

Reinforcement work begins with the installation of wooden formwork for the construction of monolithic walls. To improve the quality of work, it is necessary to remove the soil around the formwork, as well as clean it from dirt and dust.
After preliminary calculations, the connected reinforcing network is placed in the formwork according to the previously applied marking.
After checking the correct installation and installation of the entire structure, the surface is concreted using a cement mortar. Particular attention must be paid to the nodes of the connection of the reinforcement rods. After the foundation has completely dried, it is necessary to disassemble the formwork.
The final stage of work is waterproofing and thermal insulation of a monolithic wall, as well as filling the soil. It is not recommended to reuse the soil removed at the first stage. Depending on the type of soil and structural features of the future building, it will be optimal to use pre-prepared sand or clay soil.

Caution: Liquid concrete is used for pouring and voids in the pouring wall are not allowed. This greatly weakens the design.

Reinforcement Specifics

Not only the ability of the walls to withstand heavy loads, but also the probability of mesh destruction during operation will depend on the proper installation of the reinforcement.

If you follow the basic rules of reinforcement, then concrete walls will be a reliable and durable basement basement:

When laying the reinforcing mesh, steel bars are used., wire and other structural elements must be located at a certain distance from the walls of the formwork. If we allow the contact of the structure with the wooden frame, then when dismantling the formwork there is little chance of deforming the reinforcing network. If there is no need to remove the formwork, then moisture will enter the places of contact with the reinforcement, which will lead to unwanted rust and damage to the entire reinforcement cage.
When knitting reinforcement, it is necessary to adhere to certain calculations. Cells of reinforcing mesh for the walls of basements should be of optimal size from 20 to 40 cm.
To achieve maximum strength and reliability of concrete walls, it is possible to manufacture a reinforcing network with smaller cells. The width between the steel rods should be proportional to the load from the floors and the pressure of the external soil. At the same time, the required minimum size of the reinforcing section is at least 5 cm. Only in this case, the concrete solution will retain its penetrating properties and freely fill the entire surface, and at the junction of the elements there will be no unwanted voids.
All used elements of the reinforcing network must undergo anti-corrosion treatment. To protect the metal from spontaneous destruction during interaction with the environment, special additives must be added to the concrete mixture. You can buy them in hardware stores, and use according to clear instructions.
A distance of at least 15–20 mm must be maintained between the reinforcement and the wall surface.. This will reduce the negative effects of interaction with the external environment.
Soil pressure can adversely affect the structure and cause it to deform.. Therefore, during the knitting process, reinforcing bars should be installed as evenly as possible, without any deviations. Non-critical deviations of a few millimeters are possible, but it is recommended to avoid them. To align the elements of the reinforcing mesh, you can use traditional or laser building levels.
It doesn’t matter which installation methods are used., with your own hands or with the use of hired labor, at all stages of preparation, reinforcement and concrete casting of monolithic walls of basements, you need to carefully monitor the entire process, as well as check the results of work.

The main thing is that all calculations and interim results of efforts to strengthen the monolithic foundations are consistent with the project plan (if it is developed).

Common Mistakes and Reinforcement Tips

If a decision has been made to independently tie up reinforcement and fill the walls, then it is necessary to minimize the risks of miscalculations and errors.

Trouble-free operation of the future basement depends on the following factors:

In order for the reinforcing structure to withstand the load from the soil and floors, it is not recommended to use used steel rods or wire during the knitting process.
Discard all elements of the reinforcing network with signs of corrosion in advance. Do not paint or remove rust from steel rods and wire. In the process of further concreting, these defects will impair the adhesion of the structure to the concrete mortar.
All elements for forming a reinforced belt are subject to mandatory certification and must comply with building quality standards.
Throughout the entire process of creating an armored belt, the house will need to cut rods. In these cases, the most ordinary grinder is traditionally used. If you want to bend the steel reinforcement, then you may need to preheat the bend. This method is not recommended for use, since as a result of heating, the metal changes its structure and becomes more fragile.
For the same reason, many professionals in the process of building an armored belt do not recommend the use of welding.During the operation of the basement, the reinforcing bar may become deformed or break, which will generally negatively affect the ability of concrete walls to withstand high loads from external soil and the weight of the floors.
In the process of laying the reinforcing network, it is necessary to observe a clear sequence of work. Under no circumstances should a reinforcing structure be mounted in a concrete formwork. If it was not possible to comply with the correct reinforcement technology, then all the work will have to be started anew: remove the cement mortar, disassemble, clean and install the formwork, lay the reinforcement network, and only then concrete it.
It is extremely undesirable to increase the finished frame in length or height, because the junction of the elements has the least strength and during further operation in these places there is a risk of rupture. If necessary, you can try to maximize the quality of the reinforcing structure only in those places where the cellar walls will be subject to minimal load.

Attention: Since the rooms experience significant external loads, when choosing all the elements of the reinforcing structure, it is necessary to pay attention to their quality.

Reinforcing rods of standard sizes should only be tied with special wire. It is advisable to use welding only in extreme cases and in those parts of the structure where the soil pressure is minimal and does not have a critical effect on the walls. It is also necessary to take into account the loads arising during the shrinkage of the building.

It is important in the process of building monolithic walls of basements to provide for the correct external waterproofing and thermal insulation.

Self-reinforcing masonry

Adhering to all of the above requirements and recommendations, you can do it yourself independently and efficiently with your own hands. You should resort to the help of professionals in matters of calculating soil pressure, calculating the required diameter of reinforcing bars, choosing a wire for a bunch of elements, as well as if difficulties arise during the installation process.

Reinforcement of brick supporting walls

Masonry is a fairly common way of erecting walls.

Mandatory reinforcement of this design is necessary if there is:

Earthquake hazard - depending on the level of seismic hazard, in addition to the direct structure of the armored belt of the brick wall, it is necessary to take care of the antiseismic belts, which are reinforced concrete strapping along the stone walls. The calculation of such structures must be entrusted only to specialized construction firms;
Soil sedimentation - before calculating and choosing the type of foundation, it is necessary to conduct geological research, to trace how exactly the lowering of the soil surface occurs, for what specific reasons and what are the ways to reduce the negative consequences;
Excessive load on the lower base of the stone wall - any brick structure with a height of more than 2 floors requires additional reinforcement of the supporting structure of the foundation using reinforcement with a mesh, longitudinally stretched or compressed reinforcement network.
Now whether it is necessary to connect the wall with the carrier, of course it is necessary. The ends of the wire are simply fixed in the masonry.

When reinforcing work on brick walls, the following recommendations should be followed:

Regardless of the selected type of reinforcement - welded, strapping or zigzag, it is necessary to use rectangular mesh.
For masonry, a reinforcing network with a wire with a diameter of 3 to 5 mm and a section width of 40x40 mm to 100x100 mm is used. The mesh should protrude beyond the walls by at least 100 mm on each side.
The fittings are placed in every fifth row of brickwork.
It is necessary to maintain the average seam width calculated according to the following formula: the sum of the diameters of the mounted reinforcing bars plus 0.4 cm.
To achieve the required thickness of the seam when creating a reinforcing belt, steel rods with a diameter of 3–8 mm should be used. If the volume of the strapping wire is more than 6 mm, then a zigzag mesh is used. You need to know that the larger the diameter of the mesh, the greater the width of the horizontal seam and the less the strength of the finished structure.
When using a zigzag reinforcing mesh in two adjoining brick rows, it is necessary to arrange the reinforcement mutually perpendicular to each other.
If longitudinal reinforcement is required, the rods are joined by welding. If the joints cannot be welded, then the rods with the ends in the form of hooks are taken and connected with a wire with an overlap of 20 diameters.
With a building height of more than 7 floors, anchor ties at the level of floors are used to connect the brick walls. Through external corners of the walls and in the places of their connection, through anchor bolts are also used. The spacer bolts must in no case overlap with ventilation and smoke channels.
If necessary, reinforcing bars that are laid in masonry can be welded to special mounting loops located in the floors of floors.
When laying pillars and narrow partitions (up to 100 cm), a three-row strapping of joints is required, as well as the creation of a longitudinal and transverse reinforcing wall. The ends of the mesh should also protrude 2-3 mm beyond the boundaries of the structure. Brick pillars may only be reinforced with welded or knitted nets.
Regardless of the thickness of the brick wall, a mandatory reinforcement of the supporting structure is required. Reinforcing the wall, carried out according to the correct technology and in compliance with all building codes, will be the key to the durability and reliability of any structure.

Many people ask if it is possible to drill a load-bearing wall. Of course you can. You just need to do this carefully and not damage the metal frame.

Also, to perform this work, it is worth looking at the SNIP on the gating of load-bearing walls, where there is an instruction on the rules for choosing the desired metal diameter. Do not rush into this matter, first of all, everything must be carefully checked and calculated.